Begin with the change you want to understand
An indicator should relate to the programme logic and the decisions a team needs to make. Clarify whether you are tracking an activity, an output, an outcome, or a wider change.
Define exactly what will be measured
Write a precise definition, including units, the population covered, calculation rules where relevant, and how missing or incomplete records will be handled. Two people should be able to apply the definition consistently.
Identify a feasible source
Specify where the evidence will come from, who will collect it, and how often it is needed. Consider data quality, collection burden, accessibility, and whether the information can be obtained ethically.
Plan the review conversation
Decide when the team will review the indicator and what questions they will ask. Unexpected patterns can prompt investigation; they do not automatically explain why a programme is succeeding or struggling.
Keep the framework proportionate
A shorter, well-defined set of indicators can be more useful than a long list that is rarely reviewed. Revisit the framework when programme assumptions or information needs change.